Citations In Your Paper (Examples are in red.)
Cite entire works within your paper with parenthetical author-date references. That is, put the author’s last name and the date in parentheses. The reference can come at the end of a sentence; for example: Also, cluster solutions that added less than 5% to the explained variation were eliminated from consideration (Onwuegbuzie, 2003). Follow this method even if an article has more than one author, for example: Specifically, aggressive children are more likely than their nonaggressive peers to externalize blame in provocative social interactions (Dodge & Coie, 1987). You can put your reference in the middle of your sentence; for example: More specifically, Cornell (1987) found that the best single predictor of violence is past violent behavior. Finally, you can have multiple references in one set of parentheses, for example: This methodological flaw may have culminated in the difficulties that investigators have experienced in predicting violent acts (Capaldi & Patterson, 1993; Cornell, 1987; Schlesinger, 1983).

If you are using direct quotations with quotation marks then use author-date-page number references, for example: Corporal punishment is defined as “the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain but not injury for the purposes of correction or control of the child's behavior” (Straus, 1994, p. 4).

For sequential citations, repeat only the author’s or authors’ names, for example: These factors, or latent constructs, represented metathemes (Onwuegbuzie, 2003) each of which contained one or more of the emergent themes. The trace, or proportion of variance explained by each factor after rotation, served as a latent effect size for each metatheme (Onwuegbuzie).

If a source does not have an author then list its title instead. If the title is long abbreviate it so readers can identify it in your list of References. Place quotation marks around the title only in the parenthetical reference, for example: No report of the 1930 meeting was published, but a 21-page report of the 1931 meeting appeared in the Psychological Bulletin, marking the first published report of the branch in 10 years (“Proceedings of the New York Branch,” 1931).

Authors
In your References, list all authors by their last names, followed by their initials. For example:
Skinner, B. F.
Tolkein, J. R. R.

List any suffixes -- like Jr. or III -- after the author’s middle initial; separate the middle initial and the suffix with a comma and a space. For example:
Gates, H. L., Jr.
Howell, T., III

If an author has two first names connected by a hyphen abbreviate both first names and include the hyphen. For example, cite Cheong-Yi Park as Park, C.-Y.
If an author has a hyphenated last name, keep the names and the hyphen in the original order. For example, cite Frances Munet-Vilaró as Munet-Vilaró, F.

List the first six authors. If your work has more than six authors use et al after the sixth author:
Polikowski, M. B.
Polikowski, M. B., & Santos-Eggimann, B.
Polikowski, M. B., Santos-Eggimann, B., & Berliner, L. H.
Polikowski, M. B., Santos-Eggimann, B., Berliner, L. H., & Tolan, P.
Polikowski, M. B., Santos-Eggimann, B., Berliner, L. H., Tolan, P., & Key, C.
Polikowski, M. B., Santos-Eggimann, B., Berliner, L. H., Tolan, P., Key, C., & Chertok, F.
Polikowski, M. B., Santos-Eggimann, B., Berliner, L. H., Tolan, P., Key, C., Chertok, F., et al.

List the works in alphabetic order by the author’s last name.

If you have two or more works by the same author(s), list the works in chronological order, with the earliest work first. For example:
King, S. (1980). Firestarter. New York: Viking Press.
King, S. (1981). Cujo. New York: Viking Press.

One-author entries come before multiple-author entries:
Polikowski, M. B. (2004).
Polikowski, M. B., & Santos-Eggimann, B. (2004).

If necessary, alphabetize by the second author:
Polikowski, M. B. (2004).
Polikowski, M. B., Santos-Eggimann, B., & Berliner, L. H. (2004).
Polikowski, M. B., & Tolan, P. (2004).

Complete names come before names with similar beginnings:
Brown, J. R. comes before Browning, A. R.

Dates
If your work does not have a date then list “n.d.” -- without the quotes -- where the date would go; for example: Zahid, I. (n.d.). Ramadan: Rules & regulations.
When you cite this work in your paper include n.d.; for example: (Zahid, n.d.).

Include the month and day of publication if you are citing a work that begins each issue with page 1. (See Volume & Issue Numbers below for more description). Do not abbreviate the month and put the month after the year, for example: Black, M. E., & Healing, T. D. (1993, September 21).
When you cite this work in your paper list only the year; for example: (Black & Healing, 1993).

If you have two or more works with the same author(s) and dates, alphabetize the entries by title and use a, b, etc. in the dates; for example:
King, S. (1983a). Christine. New York: Viking Press.
King, S. (1983b). Pet sematary. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
When you cite the work in your paper use this date; for example: (King, 1983b).

Web sites sometimes do not list dates. If your web site does not list a date of publication use n.d.; for example: Foster, R. (n.d.). If your web site lists an update date with a month, a day and a year then list all three; for example: Foster, R. (2004, October 20).

Titles
Articles: Capitalize the first word in the title, the first word of the subtitle -- if any -- and all proper nouns. A proper noun is the name of something, like a person, a place, or a thing. Do not put the article title in quotes and do not put it in italics. For example:
Router plugins: A software architecture for next-generation routers
Amplified spontaneous Raman scattering in fiber Raman amplifiers
Physical layer performance for coexistence of Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b

Books and Web Sites: Capitalize the first word in the title, the first word of the subtitle -- if any -- and all proper nouns. Put the title in italics. For example:
Memory systems
Wireless communications: Principles and practice
Understanding the Linux kernel
The meaning of RTI in Vietnam--a qualitative study

Journals, Magazines and Newspapers: Capitalize all the major words in journal, magazine and newspaper titles and put the titles in italics. For example:
IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology
Telecom Asia
The New York Times

Volume & Issue Numbers
After the title of the journal, put a comma and the volume number, still in italics. If a journal continues its second issue where the page numbers of its first issue end then do not include an issue number in your citation. For example, issue 1 of volume 16 of Computer Networks ends with page 106; issue 2 starts with page 107. When citing Computer Networks do not include any issue number.

Include the issue number and month if you are citing a work that begins each issue with page 1. Such works include magazines, newspapers, and some journals. In such cases, put the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume number, but not in italics. For example:

Decker, S. (2001, August). Engineering considerations in commercial watermarking.

	IEEE Communications Magazine, 39(8), 128-133.

Authors

• Put the author’s name as it appears in the source, putting the last name first for alphabetizing. Do not abbreviate names. Put a suffix, like Jr. or III., after the author’s first name. For example: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. for Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
• For works by more than one author, reverse only the first author’s last name. Leave all other authors’ names in normal order. For example, Robinson, James McConky, and Peter L. Smith.
• If there are more than three authors, you may list only the first author and add et al. For example, Baranowski, Tom, et al.
• Alphabetize the entire list of citations by authors’ last names, going letter-by-letter. Ignore spaces and other punctuation marks. For example, this list is in correct order:
  • Descartes, Rene
  • De Sica, Vittorio
  • MacDonald, George
  • McCullers, Carson
  • Morris, Robert
  • Morris, William
  • Morrison, Toni
  • Saint-Exupery, Antoine de
  • St. Denis, Ruth

Titles, Capitalization & Punctuation

• In a title or subtitle, capitalize the first word, the last word, and all important words, including the second word in a hyphenated word, like English-Speaking. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions, like after, because, before, if, that, unless, until, when, where, and while. For example, One If by Land.
• Do not capitalize certain words if they fall in the middle of a title: articles (a, an & the), prepositions (against, between, in, of, to), conjunctions (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet) or the word to when it comes before a verb, like Learn to Speak Icelandic!
• Larger works, like books & journals, are underlined. For example: The Red Badge of Courage.
• Smaller works, such as poems, short stories & articles, are included in larger works. Put quotes around the titles of smaller works. For example: “The Raven.”

Place of Publication, Publisher & Dates

• Give only the city of publication. Do not list the state. If several cities are listed, use only the first one. For foreign cities, list an abbreviation of the country or of the Canadian province if the name is ambiguous or unfamiliar. Examples: Cambridge, Eng. Sherbrooke, QC
• Shorten the publisher’s name: “Omit articles (a, an, the), business abbreviations (Co., Corp., Inc., Ltd.), and descriptive words (Books, House, Press, Publishers).” Abbreviate university presses, for example: SUNY UP for SUNY University Press. If the publisher is one or more persons’ names, cite only the first person’s last name. For example: cite John Wiley as Wiley.
• For articles, abbreviate the names of all months except May, June and July.